They come to her with a wide range of ailments -- from life-threatening conditions such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes, to distressing disorders such as insomnia, headaches and back pain.
But nearly all the patients who seek help from Ann Thomas, a yoga therapist at MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., have something in common. "They're under stress and in pain," says Thomas, who creates individualized programs for clients incorporating elements of the 5,000-year-old Indian practice of yoga.
For example, she might teach someone with high blood pressure or a heart condition how to do yoga breathing techniques and meditation. Someone with a digestive disorder may learn "twisting" yoga poses designed to stimulate the internal organs. A frail elderly person with arthritis might do yoga postures in a supported position -- up against a wall, for example -- to safely move the limbs through a full range of motion.
"Yoga is not a cure-all, but is best viewed as adjunctive treatment," notes Thomas, who says physician referrals have been increasing steadily she joined Georgetown's staff in 1996. "And the philosophy is very different from the Western mind-set that looks to eradicate disease." Instead, she says, yoga seeks to create balance within the body -- and among mind, body and spirit -- which then allows natural healing processes to occur.
Medical World Starting to Embrace Yoga
Part of the growing trend toward the use of complementary therapies in America, yoga is gaining increased acceptance in the medical community. Many hospitals now offer yoga therapy, and the practice is the subject of numerous research studies designed to test its therapeutic effects.
"Yoga is a form of complementary medicine that physicians can relate to," says Kathryn Arnold, editor-in-chief of the Berkeley, California-based magazine Yoga Journal. Since yoga gets people physically active and "doesn't involve anything suspect, like herbs or devices," she notes, even skeptics tend to conclude that -- at the very least--it does no harm.
Brought to the United States in the early part of the 20th century, yoga was introduced to many baby boomers when Swami Satchidananda taught the crowd to chat "om" at the Woodstock Festival in 1969. Today the ancient art is experiencing a renaissance, with an estimated 12 million Americans now practicing yoga, double the number of just five years ago. More doctors are practicing yoga, and more patients are asking their physicians about yoga's benefits.
"The defining moment when the medical community started taking notice of yoga occurred in 1990," says Arnold. That year, British medical journal The Lancet published results of California physician Dean Ornish's research indicating that lifestyle changes -- including yoga-based stress management -- could reverse heart disease. A few Western studies published since then have suggested that yoga may be helpful in treating a variety of ailments including carpal tunnel syndrome, asthma, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance abuse.
One of the difficulties in studying yoga's effects, Arnold notes, is that there are at least 27 types of yoga practiced in the United States. These range from relaxing, meditative forms to sweat-producing, high-intensity approaches.
And despite yoga's booming popularity, there are still many misconceptions about this essentially spiritual discipline whose ultimate goal is to help mortals unite with the divine. For example, many people don't realize that the word "yoga" is commonly used in America to refer to hatha yoga, the branch of yoga that focuses on physical postures, breathing exercises and related techniques.
Hatha yoga was developed, in part, to create good health so that people could progress along a spiritual path, says John Schumacher, director of Unity Woods Yoga Center, which has four locations in the Washington metropolitan area.. "People who are unfit and in pain are not going to have the mental and physical wherewithal to take a journey of deep, sustained introspection," notes Schumacher, who says ancient yoga teachings consider disease a major obstacle to achieving enlightenment.
Yoga Seen as Helping Variety of Conditions
Yoga's therapeutic effects can extend "to just about any condition a person presents," he says. "Maybe not broken bones, but it can help the healing process once the bone has been set." The most common ailments that bring people to his center, he says, are back problems, respiratory disorders and autoimmune conditions such as lupus and fibromyalgia.
In recent years, Schumacher has launched several classes designed for people with medical conditions, including a "special needs" class and one for breast cancer patients. He advises prospective students with health problems to consult their physicians first. And when they start class, he says, "they must abandon the idea that yoga is some kind of pill, where you can do a few poses for several weeks and feel better."
"To achieve the benefits of yoga, you must integrate it into your daily life," says Susana Galle, founder and director of the Body/Mind Center in Washington, D.C., where she often uses yoga techniques to help psychotherapy patients who are "stuck" -- unable to progress with traditional talk therapy. "It's not a matter of just going once a week to class."
Yoga's success "depends a lot on the individual," says physician John Pan, director of the Center for Integrative Medicine at George Washington University Medical Center, which has two yoga therapists on staff. "Yoga is a tool patients can use to empower themselves."
Many experts advise people with serious disorders to work one-on-one with a yoga therapist, for at least several sessions, which range in price from about $60 to $100 an hour. After that, they can often "mainstream" into a yoga class. People with less severe ailments or those who want general health benefits are encouraged to shop around for a yoga class and an experienced teacher whose personality and approach suits their needs.
Some yoga devotees express concern about the new popularity of yoga therapy. "We've created an American yoga that pulls out the poses and breathing, which are only part of yoga," notes Judith Hanson Lasater, a Calfornia physical therapist and author, who has taught yoga internationally since 1971. "We're trying to Band-Aid it onto Western medicine, and it's not a 100 percent fit."
Yet yoga can be extremely healing in our hurried, worried culture, she says, "because it makes us slow down, breathe and stretch our muscles where we hold our tension." In Western society, "people tend to live in their heads," she says, and ignore what's going on below the neck until an emergency occurs.
"So much of our lack of health has to do with a lack of awareness of what's going on in our body," Lasater asserts. "Yoga ignites the innate awareness of the human body, mind and soul."
Resources
Carol Krucoff is co-author, with her husband Mitchell Krucoff, M.D., of "Healing Moves: How to Cure, Relieve and Prevent Common Ailments With Exercise" (Harmony Books, 2000).
